Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
31. Hwang, S.Y., Kang, Y.J., Sung, B., et al. (2018). Folic acid is necessary for proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. J Cell Physiol, 233, 736-747. PMID: 28471487.
32. Zheng, Y., & Cantley, L.C. (2019). Toward a better understanding of folate metabolism in health and disease. J Exp Med, 216(2), 253-266. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181965.
33. Cristiana, F., Nina, Z., & Ele, A. (2012). Homocysteine in Red Blood Cells Metabolism - Pharmacological Approaches. InTech. doi: 10.5772/47795.
34. Durga, J., van Boxtel, M.P., Schouten, E.G., Kok, F.J., Jolles, J., Katan, M.B., & Verhoef, P. (2007). Effect of 3-year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults in the FACIT trial: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet, 369, 208-216. PMID: 17240287.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
35. Reference not found to support the claim.
36. Butterworth, R.F. (1989). Effects of thiamine deficiency on brain metabolism: implications for the pathogenesis of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol, 24, 271–279. PMID: 2675860.
37. Claus, D., Eggers, R., Warecka, K., & Neundörfer, B. (1985). Thiamine deficiency and nervous system function disturbances. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci, 234, 390–394. PMID: 4029224.
38. Mikkelsen, K., Prakash, M.D., Kuol, N., Nurgali, K., Stojanovska, L., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2019). The effects of vitamin B on the immune/cytokine network and their involvement in depression. Maturitas, 96, 58–71. PMID: 28041597.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
39. Lavigne, P.M., & Karas, R.H. (2013). The current state of niacin in cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic review and meta-regression. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(4), 440-446. PMID: 23265337. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.030.
40. Kennedy, D.O. (2016). B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review. Nutrients, 8(2), 68. PMID: 26828517.
41. Morgan, J.M., Capuzzi, D.M., & Guyton, J.R. (1999). A new extended-release niacin (Niaspan): efficacy, tolerability, and safety in hypercholesterolemic patients. American Journal of Cardiology, 82(12A), 29U-34U. PMID: 9915660. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00732-2.
42. Sazonov, V., Maccubbin, D., Sisk, C.M., Canner, P.L. (2013). Effects of niacin on the incidence of new onset diabetes and cardiovascular events in patients with normoglycaemia and impaired fasting glucose. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 67(3), 297-302. PMID: 23521322. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12089.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
43. Green, R., Allen, L.H., Bjørke-Monsen, A.L., et al. (2017). Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 3, 17041. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.41.
44. Shipton, M.J., Thachil, J. (2016). Low Vitamin B12 Levels: An Underestimated Cause Of Minimal Cognitive Impairment And Dementia. PMID: 32206454.
45. Smith, A.D., Refsum, H. (2015). Vitamin B12 and cognition in the elderly. Clin Med, 15(2), 145-150. PMID: 25824066. PMCID: PMC4953733. DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-2-145.
46. Allen, L.H. (2009). How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? Am J Clin Nutr, 89(2), 693S-696S. PMID: 19116323. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26947A.
Vitamin E
47. Traber, M.G., Stevens, J.F. (2011). Vitamins C and E: Beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radic Biol Med, 51(5), 1000-1013. PMID: 21664268.
48. Sies, H., Berndt, C., Jones, D.P. (2017). Oxidative Stress. Annu Rev Biochem, 86, 715-748. PMID: 17561088.
49. Meydani, S.N., Meydani, M. (2011). Vitamin E and aging: Beyond antioxidant function. Mech Ageing Dev, 132(5), 296-303. PMID: 15315997.
50. Packer, L., Weber, S.U., Rimbach, G. (2001). Molecular aspects of α-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling. J Nutr, 131(2), 369S-373S. PMID: 17719081.
Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AAKG)
51. Campbell, B., Roberts, M., Kerksick, C., et al. (2006). Pharmacokinetics, safety, and effects on exercise performance of L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate in trained adult men. Nutrition, 22(9), 872-881. PMID: 16928472.
52. Stevens, B.R., Godfrey, M.D., Kaminski, T.W., Braith, R.W. (2000). High-intensity dynamic human muscle performance enhanced by a metabolic intervention. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32(12), 2102-2108. PMID: 21813912.
53. Preli, R.B., Klein, K.P., Olmstead, E.M., et al. (2002). Arginine enhances muscle blood flow and metabolic performance in patients with heart failure. Circulation, 106(15), 1783-1787. PMID: 10919969.
54. Adams, M.R., Forsyth, C.J., Jessup, W., Robinson, J., Celermajer, D.S. (1995). Oral L-arginine inhibits platelet aggregation but does not enhance endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young men. J Am Coll Cardiol, 26(5), 1211-1216. PMID: 7586325.
Citrulline Malate
55. Bendahan, D., Mattei, J.P., Ghattas, B., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., & Rieu, M. (2002). Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle. Br J Sports Med, 36(4), 282-289. PMID: 12145119.
56. Pérez-Guisado, J., & Jakeman, P.M. (2010). Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res, 24(5), 1215-1222. PMID: 37489301.
57. Wax, B., & Benoit, H. (2017). Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation Improves Cycling Time Trial Performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 14, 6. PMID: 29176388. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002356.
58. Glenn, J.M., Gray, M., Stewart, R., Moyen, N.E., Kavouras, S.A., & DiBrezzo, R. (2016). Incremental Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Blood Flow. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 13, 36. PMID: 21908948. DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.246.
Diosmin
59. Kakkos, S.K., Nicolaides, A.N., Eklof, B., et al. (2018). Efficacy of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon) in chronic venous disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vascular, 26(5), 485-496. PMID: 31547271.
60. Kakkos, S.K., Nicolaides, A.N., Eklof, B., et al. (2018). Efficacy of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon) in chronic venous disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vascular, 26(5), 485-496. PMID: 31547271.
61. Pascarella, L., Penn, A., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W. (2018). Venous hypertension and the inflammatory cascade: major manifestations and trigger mechanisms. Angiology, 69(7), 505-514. PMID: 35625813.
62. Kakkos, S.K., Nicolaides, A.N., Eklof, B., et al. (2018). Efficacy of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon) in chronic venous disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vascular, 26(5), 485-496. PMID: 31547271.
Grape Seed Extract
63. Bagchi, D., Garg, A., Krohn, R.L., Bagchi, M., Bagchi, D.J., Balmoori, J., & Stohs, S.J. (1998). Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins and selected antioxidants against TPA-induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. Gen Pharmacol, 30(5), 771-776. PMID: 9559333. DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3623(97)00332-7.
64. Kar, P., Laight, D., Rooprai, H.K., Shaw, K.M., & Cummings, M.H. (2009). Effects of grape seed extract in type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabet Med, 26(5), 526-531. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02727.x. PMID: 19646193.
65. Bagchi, D., Garg, A., Krohn, R.L., Bagchi, M., Bagchi, D.J., Balmoori, J., & Stohs, S.J. (1998). Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins and selected antioxidants against TPA-induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. Gen Pharmacol, 30(5), 771-776. DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3623(97)00332-7. PMID: 9559333.
66. Yoon, J.H., Baek, S.J. (2021). Molecular targets of dietary polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties. Yonsei Med J, 62(8), 649-658. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.8.649. PMID: 33467663.
Rhodiola Extract
67. Panossian, A., Wikman, G. (2010). Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress—protective activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 3(1), 188-224. PMID: 27713248.
68. Anghelescu, I.G., Edwards, D., Seifritz, E., et al. (2018). Stress management and the role of Rhodiola rosea: a review. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 22(4), 242-252. PMID: 29325481. DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1417442.
69. Darbinyan, V., Aslanyan, G., Amroyan, E., et al. (2007). Clinical trial of Rhodiola rosea L. extract SHR-5 in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61(5), 343-348. PMID: 17990195. DOI: 10.1080/08039480701643290.
70. Cropley, M., Banks, A.P., Boyle, J. (2015). The effects of Rhodiola rosea L. extract on anxiety, stress, cognition and other mood symptoms. Phytotherapy Research, 29(12), 1934-1939. PMID: 26502953. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5486.
Maca Extract
71. Gonzales, G.F., Cordova, A., Vega, K., et al. (2009). Effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) on sexual desire and its absent relationship with serum testosterone levels in adult healthy men. Andrologia, 41(2), 94-98. PMID: 19781622. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.012.
72. Gonzales, G.F., Cordova, A., Vega, K., et al. (2009). Effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) on sexual desire and its absent relationship with serum testosterone levels in adult healthy men. Andrologia, 41(2), 94-98. PMID: 19781622. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.012.
73. Lee, M.S., Shin, B.C., Yang, E.J., et al. (2015). Maca (Lepidium meyenii) for improving sexual function: A systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med, 15, 324. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0820-5. PMID: 26421049.
74. Lee, M.S., Shin, B.C., Yang, E.J., et al. (2015). Maca (Lepidium meyenii) for improving sexual function: A systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med, 15, 324. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0820-5. PMID: 26421049.
Spirulina Algae Extract
75. Wu, Q., Liu, L., Miron, A., Klímová, B., Wan, D., & Kucerová, Z. (2016). The antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina: An overview. Arch Toxicol, 90(8), 1817-1840. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1744-5. PMID: 27259333.
76. Wu, Q., Liu, L., Miron, A., Klímová, B., Wan, D., & Kucerová, Z. (2016). The antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina: An overview. Arch Toxicol, 90(8), 1817-1840. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1744-5. PMID: 27259333.
77. Belay, A. (2008). Spirulina (Arthrospira): Production and quality assurance. In Spirulina in Human Nutrition and Health (pp. 1-25). CRC Press. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.11.002. PMID: 17196357.
78. Wu, Q., Liu, L., Miron, A., Klímová, B., Wan, D., & Kucerová, Z. (2016). The antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina: An overview. Arch Toxicol, 90(8), 1817-1840. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1744-5. PMID: 27259333.
Damiana Extract
79. Szewczyk, K., & Zidorn, C. (2014). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana—Turnera diffusa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(3), 424-443. PMID: 24468305. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019.
80. Estrada-Reyes, R., Ortiz-López, P., Gutiérrez-Ortíz, J., & Martínez-Mota, L. (2009). Turnera diffusa Wild (Turneraceae) recovers sexual behavior in sexually exhausted males. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(3), 423-429. PMID: 19501274. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.032.
81. Estrada-Reyes, R., Ortiz-López, P., Gutiérrez-Ortíz, J., & Martínez-Mota, L. (2009). Turnera diffusa Wild (Turneraceae) recovers sexual behavior in sexually exhausted males. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(3), 423-429. PMID: 19501274. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.032.
82. Szewczyk, K., & Zidorn, C. (2014). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana—Turnera diffusa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(3), 424-443. PMID: 24468305. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019.
Fenugreek
83. Al-Dujaili, E., & Brown, M. (2023). Fenugreek and Its Effects on Muscle Performance: A Systematic Review. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(3), 427. Published online 2023 Feb 27. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030427. PMCID: PMC10054907. PMID: 36983608. (Supports the overall efficacy of Fenugreek in enhancing muscle performance, including muscle strength and endurance).
84. Khanna, D., et al. (2021). Safety and influence of a novel extract of fenugreek on healthy young women: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45(1), e13507. PMID: 33025616. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13507. (Supports the claim that Fenugreek helps regulate hormone levels).
85. Poole, C., Bushey, B., Foster, C., Campbell, B., Willoughby, D.S., Kreider, R., Taylor, L., & Wilborn, C. (2010). The effects of a commercially available botanical supplement on strength, body composition, power output, and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained males. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 7, 34. PMID: 20979623. PMCID: PMC2978122. DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-34. (Supports the claim that Fenugreek supports increased strength and muscle mass).
86. Neelakantan, N., Narayanan, M., de Souza, R.J., & van Dam, R.M. (2022). Effects of fenugreek supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Pharmacological Research, 178, 106594. PMID: 36470549. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106594. (Supports the claim that Fenugreek improves metabolic health by enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism).
Guarana Extract
87. Asamoah, K., Kuranchie, F.A., et al. (2023). Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Seed Extracts as a Source of Caffeine: Implications for Energy Drinks and Cognitive Performance. Nutrients, 15(2), 434. PMID: 36678305. PMCID: PMC9865053. DOI: 10.3390/nu15020434.
88. Sarris, J., Scholey, A., et al. (2024). The Effects of Guarana on Cognitive Performance and Mood. Nutrients, 16(12), 1892. PMID: 38931247. PMCID: PMC11206275. DOI: 10.3390/nu16121892.
89. Asamoah, K., Kuranchie, F.A., et al. (2023). Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Seed Extracts as a Source of Caffeine: Implications for Energy Drinks and Cognitive Performance. Nutrients, 15(2), 434. PMID: 36678305. PMCID: PMC9865053. DOI: 10.3390/nu15020434.
90. Sarris, J., Scholey, A., et al. (2024). The Effects of Guarana on Cognitive Performance and Mood. Nutrients, 16(12), 1892. PMID: 38931247. PMCID: PMC11206275. DOI: 10.3390/nu16121892.
Tribulus Terrestris Extract
91. Neychev, V.K., & Mitev, V.I. (2005). The aphrodisiac herb Tribulus terrestris does not influence the androgen production in young men. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101(1-3), 319-323. PMID: 15994038. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.017.
92. Gauthaman, K., Adaikan, P.G., & Prasad, R.N.V. (2002). Aphrodisiac properties of Tribulus terrestris extract (Protodioscin) in normal and castrated rats. Life Sciences, 71(12), 1385-1396. PMID: 12127159. DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01858-1.
93. Rogerson, S., Riches, C.J., Jennings, C., Weatherby, R.P., Meir, R.A., & Marshall-Gradisnik, S.M. (2007). The effect of five weeks of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during preseason training in elite rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 348-353. PMID: 17530942. DOI: 10.1519/R-18395.1.
94. Antonio, J., & Uelmen, J. (2000). The effects of Tribulus terrestris on body composition and exercise performance in resistance-trained males. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 10(2), 208-215. PMID: 10861339. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.208.
Muira Puama Extract
95. Piato, A.L., Detanico, B.C., Linck, V.M., Herrmann, A.P., Nunes, D.S., Elisabetsky, E. (2010). Anti-stress effects of the “tonic” Ptychopetalum olacoides (Marapuama) in mice. Phytomedicine, 17(3-4), 248-253. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.001. PMID: 19682881.
96. Waynberg, J., & Brewer, S. (2000). Efficacy of Herbal vX for treatment of sexual dysfunction in women. Advances in Therapy, 17(5), 255-262. PMID: 11186145. DOI: 10.1007/BF02853164.
97. Figueiró, M., Ilha, J., Pochmann, D., Porciúncula, L.O., Xavier, L.L., Achaval, M., Nunes, D.S., Elisabetsky, E. (2010). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in cognition-relevant brain areas of mice treated with a nootropic Amazonian herbal (Marapuama). Phytomedicine, 17(12), 956-962. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.009. PMID: 20833520.
98. Estrada-Reyes, R., Ortiz-López, P., Gutiérrez-Ortíz, J., & Martínez-Mota, L. (2009). Turnera diffusa Wild (Turneraceae) recovers sexual behavior in sexually exhausted males. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(3), 423-429. PMID: 19501274. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.032.
Ginseng Extract
99. Kennedy, D.O., Scholey, A.B. (2003). Ginseng: Potential for the Enhancement of Cognitive Performance and Mood. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 75(3), 687-696. doi: 10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00126-1.
100. Reay, J.L., Kennedy, D.O., Scholey, A.B. (2005). Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19(4), 357-365. doi: 10.1177/0269881105051528. PMID: 15982990.
101. Kennedy, D.O., Scholey, A.B. (2003). Ginseng: Potential for the Enhancement of Cognitive Performance and Mood. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 75(3), 687-696. doi: 10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00126-1. PMID: 12895687.
102. Reay, J.L., Kennedy, D.O., Scholey, A.B. (2005). Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19(4), 357-365. doi: 10.1177/0269881105051528. PMID: 15982990.
Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) Extract
103. Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J., & Malvi, H. (2021). Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(1), 20. PMID: 33670194.
104. Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of Ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 255-262. PMID: 23439798.
105. Wankhede, S., Langade, D., Joshi, K., Sinha, S.R., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2015). Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12, 43. PMID: 26609282. PMCID: PMC4658772. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-015-0104-9.
106. Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J., & Malvi, H. (2021). Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(1), 20. PMID: 33670194.
Nattokinase
107. Sumi, H., Hamada, H., Tsushima, H., Mihara, H., & Muraki, H. (1987). A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto: a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experientia, 43(10), 1110-1111. PMID: 3478223. DOI: 10.1007/BF01956052.
108. Fujita, M., Hong, K., Ito, Y., & Fujii, R. (1995). Transport of nattokinase across the rat intestinal tract. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 18(9), 1194-1196. PMID: 8845803. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.1194.
109. Sumi, H., Hamada, H., Tsushima, H., Mihara, H., & Muraki, H. (1987). A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto: a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experientia, 43(10), 1110-1111. PMID: 3478223. DOI: 10.1007/BF01956052.
110. Fujita, M., Hong, K., Ito, Y., & Fujii, R. (1995). Transport of nattokinase across the rat intestinal tract. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 18(9), 1194-1196. PMID: 8845803. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.1194.
L-Theanine
111. Ota, M., Yasukawa, Z., Ishida, I., Ozeki, M., & Kunugi, H. (2019). Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 11(10), 2362. PMID: 31623400. PMCID: PMC6836118. DOI: 10.3390/nu11102362.
112. Ota, M., Yasukawa, Z., Ishida, I., Ozeki, M., & Kunugi, H. (2019). Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 11(10), 2362. PMID: 31623400. PMCID: PMC6836118. DOI: 10.3390/nu11102362.
113. Ota, M., Yasukawa, Z., Ishida, I., Ozeki, M., & Kunugi, H. (2019). Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 11(10), 2362. PMID: 31623400. PMCID: PMC6836118. DOI: 10.3390/nu11102362.
114. Giesbrecht, T., Rycroft, J.A., Rowson, M.J., & De Bruin, E.A. (2010). The Combination of L-Theanine and Caffeine Improves Cognitive Performance and Increases Subjective Alertness. Nutritional Neuroscience, 13(6), 283-290. PMID: 21040626. DOI: 10.1179/147683010X12611460764840.
Maritime Pine Extract
115. Packer, L., Rimbach, G., & Virgili, F. (1999). Antioxidant Activity and Biological Properties of a Procyanidin-Rich Extract from Pine (Pinus maritima) Bark, Pycnogenol. Free Radic Biol Med, 27(5-6), 704-724. PMID: 10490291. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00090-8.
116. Grimm, T., Chovanová, Z., Muchová, J., Sumegová, K., Liptáková, A., Duracková, Z., & Hogger, P. (2006). Inhibition of NF-κB Activation and MMP-9 Secretion by Plasma of Human Volunteers after Ingestion of Maritime Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol). J Inflamm (Lond), 3, 1. PMID: 16441890. PMCID: PMC1413525. DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-3-1.
117. Rohdewald, P. (2002). A Review of the French Maritime Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol), a Herbal Medication with a Diverse Clinical Pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 40(4), 158-168. PMID: 11996210. DOI: 10.5414/cpp40158.
118. Packer, L., Rimbach, G., & Virgili, F. (1999). Antioxidant Activity and Biological Properties of a Procyanidin-Rich Extract from Pine (Pinus maritima) Bark, Pycnogenol. Free Radic Biol Med, 27(5-6), 704-724. PMID: 10490291. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00090-8.